Future of English

Future of face as a global style A wrangle achieves a sincerely global status when it develops a particular(a) role that is recognized in every country (Crystal 1997). In the 21st century, side is increasingly bonny the dominant nomenclature in global communication. However, the question of w here(predicate) the succeeding(a) of face lies reposes un move in. Will face in the future increase in popularity or should we adopt a better alternative? position is doubtless one of the to the highest degree influential nomenclatures in the conception as more(prenominal) and more people determination side as their formalized or second lyric poem.It has been given a variety of labels to re face its popularity. However, companion adequate inequalities and injustices rush also emerged in the same process, revealing the contr everywheresial role slope has had internation anyy. In order to critic altogethery examine the future of side as a global langu board this essay pul l up stakes discuss the side by side(p) topics in this literature review. 1. Rise of incline World-wide 2. English as the words of Science and Technology 3. English language teaching world-wide The count of English speakers in the world has increased at an astonishing rate end-to-end the last few centuries.According to Crystal he states that by 1983, the number of people speaking English as an official language was over 1,400 million world wide. Moreover in India and its subcontinent, the English language has an official standing. In the late 1990s the number of English speaking citizens in china was approximately 220 million. The Olympics provided the motivation for an increase to double these numbers. English has brought benefits, social inequalities and injustices. It remains questionable as to whether or non English would remain a global standard language.Tsuda discuss how the political and cultural disinterest of the common language utilize internationally is extremely i mportant and is required within the English language. By incorporating English into any society, countries atomic number 18 able to pay some(a) share of the globalization benefits but this necessitates the force of implementing English. If this carriage is adopted, the independence and uniqueness of other cultures get out diminish because of one language dominating other ways worldwide and homogenize them into a western sandwich and more particularly an American way of life.Esperanto has been suggested by Tsuda is a language that could be used for the purpose of an equal communication. The Esperanto movement has its philosophy as peace. The author questions whether English has a similar philosophy. THE RISE OF ENGLISH military manWIDE English has undoubtedly dominated other languages in the gone 20 geezerhood. How it came to be so is another story altogether, although some straining it on historical or political spurs while others believe that contemporary socio-economic a nd scientific motivations lead to its popularity.However in my opinion and with some seek it is believed that the popularity of English began by the end of World War II. The just now major(ip) industrialized country unaffected by war was the get together States. The United States rapidly began working on scientific discoveries, much(prenominal) as the figurer, this led to an increase in exchange of information globally, by design English became the source language for storage of information and its retrieval. The United States spent 40 years, after the war, working on setting up investigate universities, research and development departments, economic stability and computer networking.Hence becoming the dogmatic user of information technology as sound as its biggest contributor. When you pass towards something you eveningtually become its manager, similarly the United States began managing information such as its categorization, storage as well as operating languages and co mputer agreement designs. And the but medium it k impertinent best to manage was in the programmers natural language i. e. English. So now English not just became the global language of Science but also ecame the global language of Information Technology. The position of English as a dominant language in areas of science and Technology is now quiet secure since most of the modern- mean solar sidereal day information assemblage are English based. English as the language of Science and Technology Over the last 20 years, the asidee of English has been enormous. Developing Countries desires for economic development, their need for information annoy and shipping of technology have been the key catalyst shag this dominance.Although some cogency see this dominance as a negative impact that exit not last for long, in Baileys 1983 article he states People solidifying on imposing their ways on others have no difficultness in contriving designs to justify their doing so. The hist orical and present-day spread of English is no exception to that principle. Also The hegemony of English that has steadily guard grown with the increase in global communication is now beginning to diminish and will trim down further in the immediate futureAlthough such a printing puts forward that English does represent part hegemony, it is the sort of hegemony that will not fade away or diminish in the near future due to some revolution but if it does it will not be as most have expect. However if evidence to date is considered, English is far from being diminished, it is now more than ever still expanding and move to secure its role as a global language hence further emphasizing the importance of English in our modern day lives.It should be made clear that any country that wishes to modernize itself and grow in the areas of science and technology and eventually com pete in global markets cannot immortalize a exemption towards English. It is imperative for any country wishi ng to make its place in the world for any form of trade to put across in English. Such will be the case until a fourth dimension comes in the future when other languages are able to provide approach shot to larger information and better technological development, or until a computers ability is developed to such an extent that it becomes independent of any specific natural language.Many have termed this statement as an argument for English for Science and Technology (EST) instruction. Of late Garfield (1987) pointed reveal that 88% of articles present in the Science Citation Index were in English, and from 1978 till 1982 entropy indicates that this development has been quiet consistent. He further adds that if citation data is to be considered then the dominance of English is seen at large. Around 96% of all citations, from 1978 to 1982, present in the index journal are written in English.Garfield also surveyed that most countries that had an option to publish in their language or a foreign language often chose to publish in English as frequently as in their own language. For example fit in to Garfields research, from 1978 to 1982, the Japanese Scientists cited their own publications 3 times as a lot as their Japanese publications. While according to Swinburne (1983) the French scientists cited their publications in English four times as much as their French publications.In the same way the Russian Scientists cited their publications quiet often in English as well. All this suggests that even those countries that value their natural language more are now gravid a lot of importance to the use of English as a global language as well as a medium for scientific progression. The major reason behind this acceptance of English is due to the fact that 80 to 85% of all information stored in a computerized data bases around the world are written in either English or in some way abstracted in English. (Kaplan 1980-1982) and (McCrum et al 1986)English is not more over the language for Technology but now is widely being used in Medical publications, in a study by Maher(1986) it is pointed out that from 1966 to 1980 a 19% increase in use of English in medical publications can been seen, from 53% to 72% respectively. In more youthful research Maher shows that, with Japan being an exception, there is an incline towards the trend in general rather than a decline. English is undoubtedly the prevailing and widely used language of Science and Technology. Therefore it must be soundless that for any country to ecome modernize and industrialize and technologically competitive, it is imperative that they access or use information that has been written in English. In the past 20 years the exponential growth in publications, the need for even faster retrieval and access of information and the stark demands generated by insular multinational corporations and government industries have created a competition amongst countries to an extent that the only a ccess to information they have, technological or otherwise is basically in English.So any public or sequestered modern day business or industries wanting to compete in the global markets and hyperbolize their production need to have access to some form of information, up-to-the-minute researches and technological applications. And in order to utilize the research, applications or information the managers or administrators must be able to use English because English will be the language used to acquire information out of a system. This competition and the need for latest information make the position of English as a global language unwavering and steadfast for years to come.According to Forey & Nunan Hong Kong is a major international trading, business, banking, and communications center, and English is seen as a key to maintaining its position in these areas. (Forey & Nunan, 2002) ENGLISH LANGUAGE pedagogics WORLDWIDE In extension to the above rationale that English is the langu age of Science, it wont be wrong to say that wherever a need exists English is to be taught. Over the past 20 years this awareness has grown world-wide and more and more countries are giving English a great deal of importance in their school day curriculum.Although the level of English being taught and the measures to be taken for its proper nurture is a different issue altogether. Asian countries like China, Honk Kong, Taiwan, Korea, Philippines and Malaysia have added English language in their school curriculum at an betimes age, with teaching time ranging from minimum 4 hours a week to utmost 50 hours a week. Also a shift in the age at which English is taught is seen, from secondary classes to primary classes.It should be made clear that not all citizens of a country need to understand English, although in doing so they are denying themselves the access to the enormous information available world-wide. even so a country like Japan that holds a strong resistance towards Engl ish has introduced the language at high school level. English in China is in some way considered or has become the language for the elite those who are unable to learn proper English in schools and have a sound family background begin taking private tuitions in order to learn English.This introduction of English in schools at such primary level, as well as the steps motley governments have taken to ensure its proper learning of the language apparently shows the dominance and importance of English world-wide. CONCLUSION To draw a closing that English is indeed a global language and will promising remain one in the near future seems reasonable. English plays a vital role is areas of information retrieval and its access, as well as in Science and Technology. any(prenominal) country wishing to explore or expand in these areas will need to understand English.Although coming to such a conclusion is not as simple as it whitethorn seem, there are many complex issues at stake here but n evertheless, in light of the evidence provided in this paper it will not be wrong to say that English has clearly achieved world dominance and will continue to maintain its position not only as the language for Science and technology but also as world language in general. As Kaplan (1983b) has noted in an chromatography column in Science It seems reasonable to assert, however difficult it may be to accept, that knowledge of a world language, especially English, is essential to the welfare of the new nations . . raw nations must find a balance between the stopping point of indigenous culture-rich language and the need for a world language . . . 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