Fast Food Nation: Chapter Four Essay

â€Å"Becoming a franchisee is an odd combination of starting your own business and going to work for someone else† (Schlosser 94).In Eric Schlosser’s Non-fiction book, Fast Food Nation, Schlosser reasons that fast food has widened the gap between the rich and the poor, started an obesity epidemic and propelled American cultural imperialism abroad. While the idea of a franchiser/ franchisee relationship appears to be nothing but beneficial, it has a serious drawback, which is the release/ acceptance of certain issues out of each party’s control. This, in turn causes other companies to try to develop new ways of forming this relationship. Subway, for example uses â€Å"Development Agents† to help ease tensions. However due to this, the controversial issue of encroachment emerges. This leaves society asking at what price is success worth it? And how is success measured by these companies? The franchisee/ franchiser relationship has its benefits, but also one major downside which can cause conflicts and controversies. â€Å"At the heart of the franchise agreement is the desire by two parties to make money while avoiding risk† (Schlosser 94). In starting your own business, there is a huge financial risk. Even if you have an amazing idea it takes a lot of well managed money. Becoming a franchisee, though, while still costing a good amount of money, the risk is considerably smaller because the name, advertising and product is already out there. â€Å"One provides a brand name, a business plan, expertise, access to equipment and supplies. The other puts up the money and does the work† (Schlosser 94). Franchising makes it easier for companies to expand their market and profit from that. â€Å"The relationship has built-in tensions. The franchisor gives up some control while not wholly owning each operation; the franchisee sacrifices a great deal of independence by having to obey the companies rules† (Schlosser 94). When putting that amount of money and work into building a successful franchise it is frustrating when you can’t make any changes you want on your own. While there is a great deal of sacrifice, particularly on the side of the franchisee, bottom line, when the profits are rolling in everyone gets along just fine. Because the franchisee/franchisor relationship has built in tensions, it has led companies to explore new ways of forming this partnership. â€Å"The chain relies on â€Å"development agents† to sell new Subway franchises. The development agents are not paid salary †¦ [their] Income is largely dependent on the number of Subway’s that open in their territory† (Schlosser 100). These development agents are technically independent contractors who will try to open as many subways as possible, because the more they open the more they are paid. â€Å"They are under constant pressure to keep opening new Subway’s, regardless of how that effects the sales of subway’s that are already operating nearby† (Schlosser 100). Because they are independent contractors they don’t worry about how sales of other Subway’s are affected by their actions, in order to make money they need to keep opening franchises regardless of if they are making Subways across the street from other Subway restaurants. â€Å"As the American market for fast food grows more saturated, restaurants belonging to the same chain are frequently being put closer to one another. Franchises call this practice â€Å"encroachment† and angrily oppose it† (Schlosser 99). Although it may lead to a decrease in sales at the individual restaurants, the franchisors benefit from this practice that puts its franchisee’s out of business. While some can credit Subway for attempting to find new ways to form its relationships with its franchises, overall, its practices hurt its individual restaurants and make it one of the worst chains to be a franchisee for, long-term. Due to the harsh reality uncovered in this chapter, society is able to see how hard it is to become successful, whether it is as a franchisee or starting a company on your own. At a success seminar Dave Feamster took his employees to, a paralyzed but still upbeat and motivational Christopher Reeve’s said, â€Å"Since my accident, I’ve been realizing †¦ that success means something quite different† (Schlosser 107). Reeve’s is referencing the millions he made in his 20’s and that there may be more to success than that. â€Å"’I see people who achieve these conventional goals, he says †¦ ‘None of it matters† (Schlosser 107). This is such a powerful moment in the chapter, Schlosser is supposed to be attending a motivational seminar and yet readers walk away from it wondering, at what point success worth it is. If this man who was famous and beloved by America says he thinks he is irrelevant, what about us? In this chapter readers see that big companies measure their success in money and profits, but how should society measure it’s? The public education system might measure success in graduates or students that go on to college. But the great thing about this chapter is Christopher Reeve’s challenges the way you measure your success and leaves that up to the audience’s interpretation. â€Å"If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again. Then quit. There’s no point in being a damn fool about it† (Brainy Quotes W.C. Fields). The franchisee/franchisor relationship while mostly beneficial, has its hindrances, which is each party sacrificing some control. As companies such as subway have explored new ways of forming this relationship, even more problems have emerged from this. Readers are left wondering at what price success is worth it, and how big companies measure their success. Works Cited Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation. New York: Perennial, 2002. Print. Book Rags Media Network.  © 2001 – 2011 Brainy Quote. < http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/w/wcfields108002.html>

Understand Child Development and Young Person Development

CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) Unit Ref: L/601/1693 CYP Core 3. 1: Understand Child Development and Young Person Development Rosanna King Learning Outcome 1: Understand the expected pattern of development for children and young people from birth – 19 years. Assessment Criteria 1. 1: Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth – 19 years. Answer to 1. 1: Below I have explained the sequence and rate of each development from birth – 19 years old in great detail. 0-2 Years – Physical Development: The baby lies supine (1 month old) * The baby turns its head towards light and stares at bright and shiny objects (1 month old) * The baby can lift the head briefly from the prone position (1-4 months old) * Legs can kick vigorously both separately and together (1-4 months old) * The baby is beginning to use a palmer grasp and can transfer objects from hand to hand (4-6 months old) * The baby has good head control and is beginning to sit with support (4-6 months old) * The baby can roll from front to back (6-12 months old) The baby is very alert to people and objects (6-12 months old) * The baby will now be mobile, may be crawling, bear walking, bum shuffling and even walking (9-12 months old) * The baby may bounce is rhythm to the sound of music (9-12 months old) * The baby might be able to manage stairs and steps, but will need supervision (1-2 years old) * The baby can build afew bricks and arrange toys on the floor (1-2 years old) * The child can walk confidently and is able to walk without falling (1-2 years old) 0-2 Years – Communication Development: The baby responds to sounds, especially familiar voices (1 month old) * The baby makes eye contact (1 month old) The baby makes no-crying noises, such as cooing and gurgling (1-4 months old) * The baby cries with anger to show they are hungry, tired or need a nappy change (1-4 months old) * The baby begins to l augh and squeal with pleasure (4-6 months old) * The baby becomes more aware of others and start to communicate with them more and more (4-6 months old) * Babies begin to understand words like ‘up’ and ‘down’ raising their arms to be lifted up, using appropriate gestures (6-9 months old) * The baby can follow simple instructions e. . kiss teddy (9-12 months old) * The child begins to talk with words or sign language (1-2 years) * Child starts pointing and taking a real interest in books and enjoys looking at all the pictures and objects (1-2 Years) 0-2 Years – Intellectual and Cognitive: * The baby is sensitive to light (1 month old) The baby’s face, abdomen, hands and feet are very sensitive to touch (1 month old) * The baby recognises differing speech sounds (1-4 months old) * The baby can develop favourite tastes in food and recognise differences by five months (4-6 months old) * The baby prefers complicated things to look at from five to s ix months and enjoys bright lights (4-6 months) * The baby understands signs e. g. he bib means that the food is coming (6-9 months) * From 8 -9 months the baby shows that they know objects exist when they have gone out of sight (6-9 months) * The baby is beginning to develop images (9-12 months) * The baby gives some understanding of daily routine e. g. food, changing and then nap time (9-12 months old) * The child understands the names of objects and can follow a simple instruction (1-2 years old) * The child learns about things through trial and error (1-2 years) 0-2 Years – Social, Emotional and Behavioural: The baby often imitates certain facial expressions (1 month old) * The baby will smile is response to an adult (1-4 months old) * The baby stays awake for longer periods of time (1-4 months) * The baby shows trust and security (4-6 months old) * The baby has recognisable sleep patterns (4-6 months old) * The baby can manage to feed themselves using their fingers (6-9 months) * The baby is more aware of other people’s feelings, for example; they might cry and get sad if they see their brother or sister crying or sad. 6-9 months old) * The baby enjoys songs and action rhymes (9-12 months old) * The baby still likes to be near a familiar adult as appose to strangers (9-12 months old) * The child begins to have a longer memory (1-2 years old) * The child expresses their needs using words and gestures (1-2 years old) 0-2 Years – Moral: * Show joy by smiling, cooing and laughing when fed comfortable or safe. * No understanding of right or wrong starts to understand the word no. * Sensitive to adult approval and disapproval, despite tantrums and bursts of anger. -4 Years – Physical Development: * The child is very mobile and can run safely (2 years old) * The child can draw circles, lines and dots, using preferred hand (2 years old) * The child can jump from a low step (3 years old) * The child can build tall towers of bricks or bl ocks (3 years old) * The child has good spatial awareness (3 years old) 2-4 Years – Communication Development * Children are rapidly becoming competent speakers of the language they experience (2 years old) * The child can follow a simple instruction for example; â€Å"Could you bring me the spoon? ( 2 years old) * The child wants to share songs, dance and have conversations (2 years old) * The child might say â€Å"two times† instead of ‘twice’ and might say â€Å"I go there† instead of ‘I went there’ (3 years old) * The child loves to chat and ask alot of different questions (3 years old) 2-4 Years – Intellectual and Cognitive * The child can hold a crayon and move it up and down (2 years old) * The child talks about an absent object when reminded of it ( 2 years old) * The child pretend plays – often making up stories and characters ( 3 years ld) * The child represents events in drawings, models ect (3 years old) 2-4 Y ears – Social, Emotional and Behavioural: * The child begins to express how they are feeling (2 years old) * The child is learning how to dress themselves (2 years old) * The child is beginning to develop a gender role as they become aware of being male or female (3 years old) * The child makes friends and is interested in making new friends (3 years old) 2-4 Years – Moral: * Beginning to know right from wrong. Related article: Intervention When Development is Not Following the Expected PatternIs more self-controlled and less aggressive. Uses extreme verbal threats such as, â€Å"I'll kill you,† without understanding full implications, wants to be good, but is not yet mature enough to be able to carry out most promises. 4-7 Years – Physical Development: * A sense of balance is developing – the child may be able to walk in a straight line (4 years old) * The child can thread small breads on a lace (4 years old) * The child can play ball games (5 years old) The child has increased agility, muscle coordination and balance (6 years old) * The child can catch a ball thrown from one metre with one hand (7 years old) 4-7 Years – Communication Development: * The child begins to ask alot of where, when, how and why questions (4 years old) * The child talks confidently and with more fluency (5 years old) * The child begins to understand book language and that books have ch aracters (6 years old) * The child begins to realise that different situations require different ways of talking (7 years old) 4-7 Years – Intellectual and Cognitive: At age four, the child usually knows how to count up to 20 (4 years old) * The child can usually write their own name down on a piece of paper (5 years old) * The child includes alot more detail in their drawings (6 years old) * The child begins to establish what is real and what is a fantasy (7 years old) 4-7 Years – Social, Emotional and Behavioural: The child likes to be independent and is strongly self-willed (4 years old) * The child can wash their hands and brush their own teeth unassisted (4 years old) * The child has developed a stable self-concept (5 years old) * The child can begin to hide their feelings, once they learn to control them (6 years old) * The child can take responsibility e. g. in helping younger children (7 years old) 4-7 Years – Moral: * Is interested in being good, but ma y tell lies or blame others for wrongdoings because of intense desire to please and do right.Is very concerned with personal behaviour, particularly as it affects family and friends. 7-12 Years – Physical Development: * The child can ride a bike easily (7 years old) * The child plays energetic sports and games (8 years old) * The child is usually writing with an established style using joined up letters (9 years old) * Children differ is physical maturity. Girls experience puberty earlier than boys do and sometimes girls can be two years ahead of the boys with puberty (10 years old) * The child’s body proportions are becoming more similar to adults (12 years old) 7-12 Years – Communication Development: The child uses and understands complex sentences (7 years old) * The child is increasingly verbal and enjoys making up stories and telling jokes (8 years old) * The child uses reference books with increasing skill (9 years old) * The child can write fairly lengthy essays (11 years old) * The child starts to write stories that show alot of imagination (12 years old) 7-12 Years – Intellectual and Cognitive: The child has an increased ability to remember and pay attention, speak and express different ideas (7 years old) * The child is learning to plan ahead and evaluate what they do (8 years old) * The child enjoys tasks that are task-orientated, such as sewing and woodwork (9 years old) * The child begins to notice and understand the motives behind the actions of another (10 years old) * The child begins to devise memory strategies (11 years old) * The child starts thinking about different possibilities (12 years old) 7-12 Years – Social, Emotional and Behavioural: The child may become discouraged easily (7 years old) * The child takes pride in their competence (8 years old) * The child can become argumentative and bossy at times (9 years old) * The child is beginning to see things from another child’s point of view (10 ye ars old) * The child may be experiencing sudden, dramatic and emotional changes associated with puberty (11 years old) * The child succumbs to peer pressure more readily and wants to talk, dress and act just like their friends (12 years old) 7-12 Years – Moral: May experience guilt and shame. Has difficulty admitting mistakes but is becoming more capable of accepting failures and mistakes and taking responsibility for them. Is aware of right and wrong; wants to do right. 12-19 Years – Physical Development: * Physical development during adolescence is known as puberty. Age of puberty varies but is often between the ages of 9-13 years old for girls and 10-15 years old for boys. * Girls will experience the following during puberty; breasts develop, body size and shape will change and menstruation. Boys will experience the following during puberty; voice breaking, body size and shape will change, chest hair, penile errections and sperm. * Both girls and boys will experienc e the following during puberty; public hair, excess sweating and oil-secreting glands. 12-19 Years – Communication Development: * Become more independent and rely less on parents or carers * The young person has fast, legible style of handwriting * The young person communicates very well in an adult manner, with increasing maturity * The young person understands abstract language, such as idioms, figurative language and metaphors. 2-19 Years – Intellectual and Cognitive: * Around this time young people experience a shift in thinking from concrete to abstract – an adult way of thinking * They approach a problem is a systematic fashion and also use their imagination when solving problems 12-19 Years – Social, Emotional and Behavioural: * The young person may become self-conscious about physical changes their body is going through (e. g. too short, too tall, too fat, too thin) * The young person often feels misunderstood * The young person can experience a w ide range of emotions and sometimes have mood swings (e. . happy one minute and very down the next minute) * The young person wants to become accepted and liked 12-19 Years – Moral: * Knows right and wrong; tries to weigh alternatives and arrive at decisions alone. Is concerned about fair treatment of others; is usually reasonably thoughtful; is unlikely to lie. Experiences feelings of frustration, anger, sorrow, and isolation. Is confused and disappointed, state values and actual behaviours of family and friends; May be interested in exploring physical-emotional urges.

How Can Alternative Sources of Energy Be Harnessed

How can alternative sources of energy be harnessed effectively? Written by Jill (Huimei ZHOU) Nowadays, there are more and more alternative sources of energy for people to use. But in order to harness these alternative sources of energy effectively, different countries take different actions based on their own natural resources. This essay will show that how to make full use of energy from different countries' viewpoints. Undenied, many years ago, a lot of countries just use the fossil fuels to supply the energy that the whole city needs, but now the sources of energy are more than before, such as solar energy and biomass.So in this case, many countries try them best to harness the renewable energy to reduce the dependence on the traditional energy. Over the last five years, many European countries have increased their reliance on wind farms and hydroelectric dams because of more expensive fossil fuels. For example, in Sweden, the city Kristiantad is looking into building satellite b iogas plants for outlying areas and expanding its network of underground biogas pipes to allow the construction of more filling stations. [1]Besides the European countries, the United States also makes some measures to control the renewable energy more effectively. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the United Sates need to spend about 8000 US farms on installing biomass plants. [2] In order to cut down costs, a number of states and companies are considering new investments or programs. They hope to build plants in Calnifornia to turn organic waste from farms and gas from water treatment plants into biogas. [3] Because of less natural energy and more expensive fees, this way can help the whole state to meet requirements.Above on these countries' methods, we can clearly see that different countries have different environments and situations. So if a country want to harness alternative sources of energy, they should make more reasonable policies depending on their real conditions, which will be more useful. Reference: [1]Using waste, Swedish city cuts its fossil fuel use[1], Source Book, Paragraph 3. [2]Using waste, Swedish city cuts its fossil fuel use[1], Source Book, Paragraph 4. [3]Using waste, Swedish city cuts its fossil fuel use[1], Source Book, Paragraph 4.

Business start up Application form assesments Essay

Business start up Application form assesments - Essay Example Business Idea and the USP The key idea is to look for gifted amateur and professional actors (however, the preference will be given to amateurs and beginners). In fact, the industry is full of one-role actors and actresses, who are engaged in TV shows, advertisements and photo sessions. Therefore, the USP is based on the fact, that actors and photo models have to communicate with the audience through acting, and the key requirement for cooperation will be the ability to establish a dialogue with the spectator, creating the atmosphere of the close communication. Market Research and Test Trading In accordance with the brief web research, most dramatic artists, cooperating with talent agencies, position themselves as the universal actors for the on camera and voice over works mainly (45% and 32% correspondingly). The rest 23% are divided among commercial prints (13%), live corporate performances, including low quality stand-ups (8%), and performance management for private events (2%). T herefore, the business interest towards high quality acting is declining, while the demand for the high quality dramatic events is constant (in accordance with the live surveys). ... These are in need of talented actors, models, dancers, and design experts. 2. Spectators. While the agency is not dealing with the spectators directly, this audience assesses the quality of the actors’ work. In the light of such a division, the demographic categorization of the audience is not crucial, since the commercial and photo products are created for diverse categories. Skills, Experience and Qualifications Talent agency business is communications. The list of qualities and skills needed for running this business is as follows: 1. Organizational skills (including leadership and management) 2. Communicative and persuasive skills: for communicating with the actors, and the category-one target customers 3. Perfect face, name, and phone number memory 4. Ability to stay aware of the latest business events 5. Professional intuition and artistic flair, needed for finding the right actors and models among the others. 3 Months Action Plan Month one: Rent and equip the office Emp loy office manager, and one deputy agent to train Start promo campaign Set up contacts with administrations of the art and drama faculties, administrations of the amateur and professional theaters, and other talent agencies if possible. These contacts will be required for finding the necessary characters and dramatic types (with further creation of the database) Signing contracts with at least five studios Month two: Continue filling in the database Establish contacts with producers and agencies Sign another 5+ contracts Month three: Employ two more deputies and delegate them the task to look for actors and models in amateur theaters and among students Extend the promo campaign for increasing the search and cooperation geography Sign 8+ contracts Benefits

Western Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Western Society - Essay Example For instance, the creation of unions such as the National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies which advocated for peaceful approaches (Harrison, 2012). At the time most people, especially men, were opposed to the groups citing the inferior nature of women in the society. The role of the woman at the time was limited to the household setting where they played a lesser role to that of women (Harrison, 2012). From this perspective, the women right to vote was not considered as an option. In addition, women in support of the movement groups were viewed as rebellious and morally and ethically wrong. As technology advanced, the perception on war was based on the assumption that the better a country was technologically equipped with weapons, the more likely they were to win the war. This was a shift from the preference of the proper use of military action. For instance, the invention of nuclear weapons changed the perspective of war (Hopkins, 2007). A country well supplied with nuclear weapons could easily match any conventional military action. For this reason, many countries sort to align themselves with the best and deadliest nuclear weapons. In addition, nations with the resources to develop nuclear weapons were the only parties to enjoy its benefits. Consequently, these changes increased the aims and objectives of imperialism. Rich and more technological advanced nations were able to control and command poor nations. On most occasions, poor nations feared instances of war which they knew they could lose. For instance, the technology available for the United States and the So viet Union increased their global superiority reign (Hopkins, 2007). The escalation of the cold war was in three phases. The first phase began two years after the end of the Second World War. The USSR ensured it controlled states in Eastern Europe while the United States created a global strategy to minimize the significance of the soviets. The U.S supported countries in Western

Conduct a Search for Potential Research Sources Paper

Conduct a Search for Potential Sources - Research Paper Example Baby Boomers in the Middle: Analysis of Social Supports Among African-American Caregivers (Gadling, 2010), attempted to answer the critical question whether the caregiver burden is a predictor of social supports for African-American baby boomers. According to the researcher, many baby boomers are in the ‘middle’, which means that they are caught in between their young children and their aging parents because of the commitments and responsibilities that they have towards both these groups. Due to these care-giving obligations, they are not able to focus on their own needs. The research focused on the African American community to find out if the caregiver burden were high because of the low level of social support. The researcher conducted a thorough review of literature where the concepts of care giving care giving stress and the peculiar case of African American caregivers was highlighted. The research methodology was to conduct personal interviews to a group that had f our specific groups belonging to the age group of 45-55, the African Americans, non-Hispanic Whites, Latinos/Hispanics and Asian Americans. The theme of the research was around four key variables like social support, caregiver burden, quality of life and family obligation. Even though these variables provide an overall picture, it would have been better to include variables that specifically stand out for the African American community, rather than including it in the broad variable of quality of life. In addition, as the answers to the survey were collated through the process of interview. However, the questions were strictly close ended, just like in a survey. If some open ended questions were also included, it could have provided an added advantage of some qualitative results too (Creswell, 2007). The research concluded that family obligations, caregiver burden and quality of living as composite variables were not predictors of social support among African-American baby boomers. Social support had an intense effect on the caregiver; hence, social support can have a very high impact on the caregiver. Overall, the research was very elaborate and was carried under ethical considerations. In the research Baby Boomers' Needs and Preferences for Retirement Housing: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study, Elridge explores the options that Baby Boomers have in retirement housing and tries to understand their requirements. Through a qualitative approach, the researcher has a goal to understand the specific housing requirements of baby boomers with regards to the retirement housing configuration. The research also identifies an additional issue of a huge population approaching the retiring age and hence, adequate housing options are increasingly important. The researcher carried out the research through the Qualitative phenomenological Q-sort method, which is a study individualizing subjectivity as a part of the observation of a phenomenon. This is a very interesting m ethod of research because phenomenology as providing information based on lived experiences. Hence, this method would be able to add the element of subjectivity in the research. However, the researcher has conducted the research with only a very limited sample of 20 respondents. The assumption in the research is

Prepare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Prepare - Essay Example This is because preparations simply help a person consider all the aspects that need to be thought about. For instance, when a student prepares all what he needs right after an assignment is given, it is most unlikely that he would forget important details. On the contrary, the person who procrastinates tends to miss necessary points because by the time he starts on the task, he would already be feeling nervous because of the deadline that needs to be met. This results to a bad performance. In preparing to write an essay, one should gather all the information that is needed. For instance, when a student is asked to write about a person, he should find all the books, internet sources, magazines, persons to interview and other sources of information that will help him complete the paper. A draft should also be made to guide the student in his writing activity. While gathering the information and drafting the skeletal frame of the paper, one should also think about his approach so that by the time he sits to write, he will already have the general idea about how the paper is going to look like. With the preparations mentioned above, the outcome will be a well-written

Bill of Rights - Freedom of religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bill of Rights - Freedom of religion - Essay Example The documentation of religious beginning in America is found in the Mayflower Compact of 1620 which is a common referencing material. In 1648, the â€Å"Lauues and Liberty† of Massachusetts adopted banishment as the punishment to any person who criticized the baptizing of infants. Execution was put forward as the punishment for any one who worshiped any other God rather than the Lord God. The witch, blasphemer or a child who cursed their parents were executed through capital punishment. In 1648 and 1688, a total of five women were put to death because of practicing witchcraft and 16 other practitioners of witchcraft were put to death through hanging on the Salem Common in 1692. In 1660, Mary Dyer who was a Quaker was hanged On Boston Common after it was alleged she refused to stop preaching that the baptizing of infants was wrong and people may have a direct relationship with God without clergy intervening. In year 1659 and 1661, three other Quakers were hanged on the Boston C ommon for heresy. The Puritans of Massachusetts and the Anglicans believed in God, Slavery and witchcraft but they did not believe in religious freedom. (Gunn, 2004, p 442)1(Gunn, 2004, p 442) In 1649, the Catholic Maryland adopted the â€Å"Act Concerning Religion† .This act protected Protestants and Catholics who professed to believe in Jesus Christ from being prosecuted by puritans 2(Feldberg, 2002, p 8). However, the law later established a death penalty among the people who did not believe in trinity and prevented any critical utterances against the evangelists, the virgins and the apostles. Many of the legislators saw the law as helping to reduce religious conflicts but the Puritans of Maryland opposed it because it was very negligent and later requested the American Puritans to suppress the law. When Cromwell came into power in England, the Puritans of Maryland and Virginia joined other groups in ousting the Catholics and the Act was revoked in 1654. As a result, four Catholics were executed, all Catholics priest were exiled and Jesuit estates vandalized. The Maryland experiment in tolerating of religious ideologies only lasted for five years. (Gunn, 2004, p 443) In the 17th and 18th centuries, anti-catholic, laws discriminating against Catholics existed through out colonies. In some instances, the Huguenots who had fled from France supported the legislation. The Pennsylvanians who for along time resisted the anti-catholic laws that prohibited Catholics to hold political office and from voting also embraced the laws. In 1774, the English parliament adopted the Act of Quebec Act which provided religious freedoms to all catholic in her colonies. The Continental Congress and the legislatures in America condemned the Act for establishing an act of tyranny even though; the Act provided partial freedom to Catholics. Thus freedom of religion became the first right to be identified in the Bill of Right. The problem was that the statement of â€Å"free e xercises of religion† was omitted in the fist constitution on the Bill of Right. In 1787, the congress debates led to the adoption of the Bill of Rights but they did not assert that the freedom of religion was above other rights. Even after the Bill of Rights and the constitution was ratified, freedom of religion did not manifest itself uniformly since anti-catholism was prevailing in all protestant settlements. In the 18 century, the prominent personalities in America who struggled for religious liberty like Thomas Jefferson engaged in the condemnation of anti-catholism. John jay sponsored a law which was meant to deny the Catholics political rights unless they gave up their allegiance to the pope. (Gunn, 2004, p 444) In 1786,

Banking Concept of Education Paulo Freire Essay

Banking Concept of Education Paulo Freire - Essay Example Freire demonstrates that the banking concept is considered by oppressors to be the most suitable method of imparting knowledge on learners. The banking concept is where knowledge is deposited the same as how money is deposited in a bank. Therefore the application of the banking system of education makes students to be treated as if they are empty vessels which need to be filled with knowledge (Paulo 319). The teacher is the subject in the banking method of education while the student is the subject. This shows a relationship between the teacher and the student where the teacher narrates knowledge with the student being expected to be the listening objects. Paul Freire is opposed to the banking education because it is makes education petrifying and lifeless due to the narration process through which students are expected to learn (Mejia 63). The narration which characterizes the banking education involves teachers filling information or content to students. In this method of education , students are disconnected and detached from reality because they may not find the narrated content to be significant. The students are thus made to memorize content without attaching any importance to it. On the other hand, the problem posing method of education involves both the teacher and the student in solving problems during learning. The teacher and the student therefore work together and hence both play equal roles in the process of knowledge acquisition without the student being the object into which information is filled. The student is enabled to engage in the learning process and thus making the problem posing method of education realistic because students are able to engage with the reality of the content being learned. Unlike the oppressive banking method of education, the problem posing approach enables learners to act as thinking beings

The Responses to the Humanitarian Erisis in Darfur Essay

The Responses to the Humanitarian Erisis in Darfur - Essay Example This low incidence of intervention seems at odds with the agreement entered into by most countries in the Genocide Convention of 1948 wherein they committed, under Art 1, â€Å"to prevent and to punish†2 the crime of genocide. Could this failure to intervene in the genocidal activities of sovereign states be rooted in the inability of the human rights movement to propel international action? The case of Darfur provides a timely opportunity to examine the truth of that theory. It is imperative that a definition of genocide be explored and established first since much of the controversy surrounding international inaction today are in many ways related to the very definition and application of the term â€Å"genocide†. As is best exemplified by Shelly’s wordplay above, the definition and use of the term genocide has been muddled by political stratagems which seem to follow an unspoken rule to never use the term at all costs. Instead of the term â€Å"genocide†, terms such as â€Å"ethnic violence†, â€Å"ethnic cleansing†, â€Å"acts of genocide†, and â€Å"civil war† have become the trademark of the politically-savvy. It would be as though by avoiding the term genocide, a humanitarian crisis such as Rwanda or Darfur would cease to be genocide and transform into something more palatable to the taste. We must thus resort back to the definition of genocide agreed upon by the same international community before t hey actually found themselves bound to make good on such definition. In the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, the following definition is clearly detailed.

Admissions Essay - What personal characteristics do you posess that

Admissions - What personal characteristics do you posess that may help you reach your goal of becoming a registered nurse - Essay Example Therefore, I went to college where I majored in communications and minored in psychology. After my 2001 graduation from Campbell University, I moved to dazzling lights of Connecticut to work in the big city as a big shot public relations executive. But even so I was restless and knew that the time had come for me to move on to more greener and exciting pastures. So I treated myself to the option of entering the field of Education and enlisted into the National Service as an Americorps Volunteer, while all the time searching for contentment or as they call it ‘job satisfaction.’ Though there is no getting away from the fact that to a certain degree I did enjoyed all the company of children and their families over the past few years, yet the niggling at the back of my mind did not disappear because I felt that this was not what I wanted to spend the rest of my life on. After a lot of soul searching over the years, I began to clearly see the light at the end of the tunnel that flashed these words – â€Å"Home is where the heart is.†! It was then that I was hit like a bolt from the blue, that all that I had achieved so far was not my calling. Though it was a rather rude awakening call, I surrendered to it realizing that it was time to come home to my roots and surrender into the noble calling of the nursing profession. The beautiful quote of Gail Devers sums up the characteristics that I have imbibed through my professional journey: â€Å"Keep your dreams alive. Understand, to achieve anything requires faith and belief in yourself, vision, hard work, determination and dedication. Remember all things are possible for those who believe. â€Å" Yes, I do believe that all the experiences of my past have guided and prepared me professionally for the challenges of Nursing School and the Nursing Profession. I love to end this with some of the sweetest lines by Lewis carol from her classic story of â€Å"Alice in

Selecting An Automated Library System For Finnish Research Libraries Essay Example for Free

Selecting An Automated Library System For Finnish Research Libraries Essay 1 The Present Situation All Finnish academic libraries and a number of other Finnish research libraries have used the VTLS software during the 90’s. The contract with VTLS Inc. was signed in 1988 and implementation took place during the following years. A uni? ed network called Linnea was created, consisting of the local installations and a common physical union catalogue which all were connected by the powerful academic data transmission network FUNET. The VTLS-based network, now called Linnea1, was very advanced when built a decade ago, and it has served Finnish libraries well. VTLS Inc. has also been a trusty companion of Finnish academic libraries during these ten years. Creation of the union catalogue Linda in early 90’s was an ambitious project. Not only was data from all academic libraries loaded into a single database; software development was also needed. For example, a duplicate control algorithm was designed in Finland and implemented by VTLS. VTLS developed many unique consortium features which enabled the libraries to use the Linda database ef? ciently for copy cataloguing purposes. Depending on the library, 50-90% of MARC records can be copied. ILL localisation is also very ef?cient, because Linda contains summary-level serials holdings from about 400 Finnish libraries. The Automation Unit of Finnish Research Libraries, created in the Ministry of Education in 1974, was instrumental in the implementation, development and running of the Linnea network. In 1993 the Unit, with all its tasks and resources, was moved to the National Library, where the Division of Library Network Services is now managing the Linnea1 network, functioning as a common agency for the academic libraries. In this capacity the National Library is also responsible for the new steps toward Linnea2, as the next generation network is called. 2 Selection of a New Automation System To summarize the need for a new generation software we can say that all library system vendors are building so-called third generation library systems with relational database and Client/Server technology, graphical user interface and web gateways, the ability to search multiple databases simultaneously, multimedia support and support for internationally accepted standards such as Z39. 50, Unicode, Edifact and ISO ILL, to meet the growing needs of the users. It was also evident that the classic VTLS system was coming to the end of 530 Annu Jauhiainen  its life-cycle and would not be developed further since VTLS Inc. is concentrating on their new system, which is called Virtua. The Finnish academic libraries have since early 90s enjoyed the bene? ts of being a consortium. The ten years of VTLS use have taught the libraries and all parties involved that co-operation is power, even if it is not always easy or simple. Because of the great success of Linnea1, there was no need to revise the basic service philosophy when moving to a new system. Libraries were satis? ed with the system and the work ? ows and with co-operation with one another. When the present VTLS system was purchased, the Ministry of Education funded the acquisition of both software and hardware. This time the universities had to ? nd the money out of their own budgets. Nevertheless, both the universities and their libraries wanted to ensure the bene? ts of the present common approach. Libraries also were open to totally new technical and organizational solutions if they should prove more favourable both functionally and economically. Libraries clearly wanted to avoid transplanting old patterns into a totally new environment. Everything had, therefore, to be looked at from a new perspective. Three major issues had to be tackled: the selection of the software, the future database or network architecture and the maintenance of the hardware. 2. 1 Selection of the Software The Linnea libraries started to look for a new-generation library system about four years ago. The National Library was asked by the directors of the Finnish academic libraries to survey the systems either on the market or being developed at the time. A questionnaire was compiled and sent to the vendors who had recently been shortlisted in corresponding procurements in Europe or in the U. S. The vendors were asked about their database management system, database structure, standards, various functions and features, the user interface, languages and formats, training, support, prices and future plans. Procuring a new library system for a large network is a major project which is regulated by European Union statutes. When the value of the contract exceeds the threshold, which is 200,000 euros at the moment, the procurement has to be advertised across the European Union. Of the three alternative types, the restricted procedure seemed to be the most suitable for the Linnea2 project. When VTLS was selected in the late 80’s, the selection process was handled by the Automation Unit of Finnish Research Libraries alone, without much involvement from the libraries themselves. This approach was quite natural at the time, because there was little experience of library automation in the libraries. More than ten years after, the situation was completely different. Libraries were well acquainted with at least one library system and, most importantly, they knew what their needs were and what they wanted of the new system. The resources of the libraries were welcomed by the National Library, which, as the service facility of the academic libraries, had the task of coordinating the process and pulling everything together. Selecting An Automated Library System for Finnish Research Libraries, Linnea2 531 The procedure started of? cially in April 1998 and the tenders were received in July. At this point, tenders were invited for software only, another procurement was planned for the hardware once the software had been chosen. During the fall the tenders were evaluated thoroughly. Attention was paid to the technical structure and the technical solution of the system, references from present and future users of the system, the services and the support offered by the vendor and the quality and the completion of the various functions and modules. Four systems were shortlisted based on these criteria. They were Horizon, Innopac, Taos and Voyager. These four systems had been found to ful? l our requirements best in the ? rst phase of the selection process. At the beginning of the second phase the four short-listed systems were all on the same line. In nine months we had to ? nd  out which of the four was functionally the most suitable and economically the most advantageous for the local databases as well as the union and national databases. The systems were ? rst demonstrated to a large group of library representatives. The next step was to get our hands on the applications. The National Library, together with the four vendors, organized the testing of these systems. This was the part of the evaluation in which the contribution of the libraries was most signi? cant. Over 70 people from the libraries and the computing centres of the universities participated in testing, which took about three months. A number of testing groups, each specializing in different functions, i. e. cataloguing, circulation, acquisition, OPAC, etc. listed the merits of the systems, without knowing how the other groups ranked them. Objectivity was the main guideline here. In addition to the ranking list, the groups also produced lists of open questions. Answers to these questions were sought in two ways, through site visits and negotiations with the vendors. A group of six people, representing both the National Library and other libraries as well as the university computing centres, visited libraries using these systems, both in Europe and in the U.S. The site visits were essential in ? nding out how the systems worked in real life. During these nine months of evaluation the National Library negotiated with the four vendors (Dynix GmbH, Innovative Interfaces Inc, Data Research Associates Inc and Endeavor Information Systems Inc) in several ways and on several occasions. The vendors came to Helsinki a number of times and we went to their headquarters once to talk with the development staff, support staff and the company management. There was also constant discussion via email whenever any questions about the functionality of the systems needed to be answered. An essential feature in selection processes was a fair and objective treatment of all parties involved. Since every step was documented, we would have been able to reconstruct the process, should it have proved necessary. We have been told both by many foreign colleagues and by the vendors that the Finnish library system selection process has been the most thorough ever carried out. It is clear that when purchasing a system for all major research libraries of a country we are dealing with a much more serious issue than satisfying the needs of just a single library. When the different parts of the selection process were drawn together, Voyager, by Endeavor Information Systems Inc. proved to ful? l the criteria best. Voyager was found to be a complete, integrated system that was ? nished in the essential, traditional functions 532 Annu Jauhiainen needed by the libraries, but which however is being further developed to meet the new needs and changing technologies. It ? ts both individual Linnea libraries and the Linnea network well. Local services can be streamlined and their scope extended. But centralised services will also bene? t from Voyager via its consortium-driven functions. Increased ef? ciency is largely based on improved networking since Voyager supports both Z39. 50 and ISO ILL. The company, Endeavor Information Systems Inc. had also been thoroughly investigated by an economic expert and found to be sound and stable, with good prospects. An example of the dif? culties in anticipating future changes is that Endeavor has since then been sold to Elsevier Science, raising a number of question marks. The National Library proposed to the libraries that Voyager should be chosen, which was unanimously accepted. The National Library was asked to conclude the negotiations with the company, and was also empowered to sign the contract on behalf of all universities and other bodies participating in the purchase. This happened on February 4, 2000. 2. 2 The Network Architecture One of the important decisions in Linnea2 was whether to merge existing databases or to keep the current structure. Discussions with Endeavor experts made it clear that although it is technically possible to merge databases, actually doing this would be timeconsuming and expensive. The technical merits of such action would be limited, since Voyager databases can be merged into a virtual union catalogue by using the Z39. 50 Information Retrieval protocol. Politically there was quite a lot of reluctance among libraries to merge databases, even though Voyager makes living with a shared database much easier than our present system. A decision was, therefore, made to retain the 24 databases in Linnea2. The next question was how many servers an optimal solution for the Linnea2 network would require. In the present Linnea1 network there are 17 HP3000 servers for the 24 databases. The number of servers was never really discussed during the implementation of Linnea1 because of the limitations of the computer technology of the time. How far can one go in centralisation? The answer depends on three factors, the available data transmission network, the capabilities of the software and the state of the computer technology. The Finnish Academic and Research Network, FUNET, is already at present a key factor for the Linnea network. Without the infrastructure provided by FUNET it would not have been possible to use the Union Catalogue Linda as a cataloguing tool in a way we have done since the early 90’s. A shared server is not possible if there can only be one database on the server. The Voyager software allows an unlimited number of databases on a single server. However, practical experience from other Voyager consortia made it clear that there should not be more than about 5-7 databases on a single server, since a large number of databases means that much time may be needed for Oracle and Voyager updates: it may take several days to update many large databases, and during the process all the databases must be shut down. Selecting An Automated Library System for Finnish Research Libraries, Linnea2. 533 More importantly, if all databases are dependent on the same hardware and operating system process, severe problems would have an impact on every library simultaneously. Fortunately, new server technologies make it possible to have a single server and still avoid this problem: there are servers that can be internally split into several logical (and physical) parts. Both Sun and IBM, which are the platforms Voyager supports, can deliver cluster-like computers, which can be separated into logical parts called domains (Sun) or nodes (IBM). Each part has its own operating system process and dedicated hardware from network card to processors. To the operators and users, the server looks like a cluster of computers. So there were no technical constraints on choosing the network architecture freely. Linnea libraries were eager to ? nd out whether centralisation would save money. In the 90’s the resources and budgets of the Finnish academic libraries have been cut; this is unfortunately a problem common to all kinds of libraries everywhere in the world. At the request of the universities three scenarios were analysed: – centralised model; all databases placed on a single machine – semi-centralised model; 3-5 servers – decentralised model; the current number of servers Cost analysis was based on both purchase price and the total cost of ownership, calculated for ? ve years. After a thorough analysis of the various options, Sun E10000 was chosen as the server system. The decision to go for Sun was based on technical merit and price. Both Endeavor and Oracle use Sun machines as their development platforms; this fact was also taken into account. The Linnea2 server will initially have 28 400 MHz CPUs. According to Endeavor, this is enough for 1400 active users, or more than 5000 concurrent users, about twice as much as now. Both Endeavor and we felt that an ample safety margin is needed in order to avoid performance problems. Of course buying a lot of CPUs is not enough; there may be other bottlenecks. The E10000 will have 24 GB of memory and 800 gigabytes of mirrored ? ber disk dedicated to Voyager databases. The universities had set an upper limit for the total purchase price of the software and hardware, including conversion of the databases. Because of the unfavourable exchange rate of the US dollar, the National Library felt increasing pressure to arrive at a low-price solution. We found out that even if list prices may tell you a different story, for a big customer like our consortium it was cheaper to purchase one big server system than a number of smaller ones. But bargain prices are not automatically offered. We managed to establish a competition between Sun and IBM in real terms because both companies saw Linnea2 as an important project. After the server was chosen, the decision was made to outsource the maintenance of the new server to the Center for Scienti? c Computing, CSC, a non-pro? t company owned 534 Annu Jauhiainen by the Ministry of Education. It hosts Finnish supercomputers and maintains the FUNET network. In spite of better maintenance coverage and better support from the hardware vendor, maintenance costs will diminish a lot compared with Linnea1. Basic maintenance of the 17 HP3000 servers takes about three man-years, but we estimate that a single E10000 will require less than a man-year. If this estimate is correct, we will save about two manyears or even more because managing a UNIX system is generally believed to be more time-consuming than managing an HP3000 computer. Thus we have good evidence for the claim that an unprejudiced approach to server architecture has enabled us to combine signi? cant savings with important technical improvements. Being a consortium helps a lot: libraries buying systems only for themselves will not be able to utilise new technology with similar ef? ciency. It is easy to understand from this point of view why library consortia are becoming more common in the US and some European countries. Finland has been one of the pioneering countries in this area, and our experiences from such co-operation are very encouraging. 2. 3 Implementation At present we are in the middle of the implementation phase. Building Linnea1 and implementing VTLS took several years, but this time all 24 databases will migrate from VTLS to Voyager during a fairly short period of time, April-August 2001. This means that everything has to be scheduled very carefully and the schedules have to be kept. We have a joint national implementation project, and each library has its own project. There are three parties in all of these projects: the Linnea libraries, the core group in the National Library and Endeavor Information Systems Inc. and all of these parties have to work together seamlessly. Endeavor is doing some software development for us. In general we are buying the system off the self and didn’t want as many customizations as in the VTLS time, for we have seen the problems raising from localization, but there are some things that could not be avoided. Training is a vital part of implementation. We use the †train the trainer† method, so that Endeavor is training only the trainers. This way we get customized training for Finnish local needs, and also save quite a lot of money. Endeavor has converted several VTLS databases before, but in spite of that, testing the loads is important. Early tests for some sites were carried through in the fall and at present we are doing test loads for all databases, to make sure that the production conversions will be successful. 3 Conclusion The cornerstone of this process has been co-operation, the will to pull together. This is not enough nevertheless: there also has to be a workhorse, to pull everything together. This is important, especially when there is no higher authority to manage the process, as was the case when Linnea1 was built and the Ministry of Education took care of the Selecting An Automated Library System for Finnish Research Libraries, Linnea2 535 negotiations and funded the whole process. This time university libraries felt the need to start the process of acquiring a new system together. They were willing to make an effort to ? nd a new solution to improve the quality of their services, as well as to use their scarce resources for the evaluation, which was seen as bene? ting all. They were also willing to ?nd the money to pay for the new system, with everything included. The Linnea2 consortium was build from below, the National Library acting as the workhorse but not as a higher authority. This was a successful approach. In order to continue this success, there must be a formal organisation for the consortium. That is why the Linnea2 consortium has just been established, with a formal organisational structure and bylaws. The thorough selection process for a new automation system for the Finnish research libraries has not simply been a question of technology and technical expertise, which the National Library has been responsible for. It was even more a question of policy and cooperation. Many things may be possible technically, but politically they are not, unless you know how to handle them correctly and diplomatically. Sometimes our neighbours in the Scandinavian countries say that libraries in Finland ? nd it easier to co-operate than libraries in other countries. Of course, this is not true. Libraries in Finland are as individualistic as libraries everywhere. They also have their particular local needs. But there is obviously a will to co-operate, as dif? cult as it may be at times.

When and Why Good Proteins Go Bad

When and Why Good Proteins Go Bad The body manufactures proteins by chaining together smaller molecules called amino acids. Once the amino acids are chained together, they fold into complex three-dimensional shapes. How a protein folds determines what a protein does. In the 1950s, Nobel laureate Linus Pauling figured out that for most proteins, there are two preferred basic shapes: An alpha helix, where the protein folds into a right-handed spiral coil; and A beta sheet configuration, like a stack of folded cardboard panels. Chris Dobson, the head of Cambridges chemistry department, is one of the worlds leading experts on proteins. He found that proteins dont always fold up correctly into their native state. Using chemical agents and heat energy, Dobson showed that it was easy to unfold protein molecules. And once unfolded, the misfolded molecules can morph into long, thin fibrils that stick together and grow into clumps, or amyloids, which over time could lead to amyloid diseases. Such amyloids almost never build up in healthy living cells because the cells have control systems to prevent molecules from misfolding. But these cellular controls can fail for multiple reasons such as genes, environment, and age. Even though each disease involves a different protein alpha-synuclein is involved with PD, tau and amyloid-beta with Alzheimers, and huntingtin with Huntintons disease the cellular control systems fail in much the same way. In 1972, a physician named Stanley Prusiner watched one of his patients die of a rare condition called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. In this rapidly progressing disease, patients suffer dementia, memory loss, and hallucinations. He discovered that this disease had linked to two other infectious neurodegenerative disease: scrapie a disease that affects sheep and goats with a kind of animal dementia; and kuru a disease of the Fore tribe in New Guinea. Prusiner noted that the three diseases had much in common. All were 100 percent fatal. All left sponge-like holes in their victims brains. All killed without evoking an immune response. All required long incubation times generally measured in years. All appeared to be contagious; when brain tissue from deceased sheep or people was injected into healthy animals, the recipients got sick. In the 1980s and 1990s, scientists found four other diseases that behaved like scrapie, kuru, and Credtzfeldt-Jakob disease: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease; a new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease resulting from eating BSE-diseased cattle (vCJD), something that had caused a massive public health scare in Britain; and two very rare hereditary diseases, fatal familial insomnia and Gerstmann-Strà ¤ussler-Scheinker disease. But most remarkable was that this set of diseases appeared to be carried by a pathogen unlike anything seen in the history of medicine. The mysterious entity was very difficult to kill. Scrapie brain tissue, for example, remained infectious even after being frozen, boiled in water, soaked in formaldehyde, exposed to ionizing radiation, and flooded with intense ultraviolet light- processes that were known to rapidly destroy the DNA and RNA inside pathogens like viruses and bacteria. Prusiner spend years trying to isolate the infectious agent. He found no virus. He claimed that the disease was directly spread by proteins not just any proteins, but infectious ones, which he called prions. In 1997, Prusiner received the Nobel Prize for discovery of prions. Something similar seems to happen with all amyloid diseases: misfolded single proteins (monomers) stick to other molecules to form oligomers, which grow into fibrils, which become amyloid plaques. Along the way, growing fibril structures can break off and serve as templates for secondary amyloid growth. The secondary spread of fibrils is quicker in pure prion diseases like scrapie; thats what may account for prion diseases animal-to-animal contagiousness. But the idea is the same for noncontagious diseases like PD. And compelling evidence that alpha-synuclein could spread in a prion-like manner in fact emerged in 2007, data that persuaded neuroscientists and chemist. In 2007, by performing autopsies of neural grafting patients, Swedish scientist Patrik Brundin and the neuropathologist Jeff Kordower came up with two conclusion. First, the fetal transplants did not stop the progression of the disease; even after the transplanting of the new cells, the disease process continued. Second, the misfolded alpha-synuclein was truly capable of jumping from cell to cell in a prion-like fashion. Given time, the misfolded protein could spread throughout the brain. This was somewhat of a paradigm shift, and a new era in PD research started. Dobson believes these protein-folding disease will be easier to cure than cancer. To slow down Alzheimers and PD, you need to reduce the amount of beta amyloid and alpha-synuclein. One compound named Anle138b has proved effective in mouse models of PD. It crossed the blood-brain barrier, caused no adverse effects at high doses, and significantly reduced oligomer accumulation. As a result, Anle138b-treated parksinsonian mice experience less nerve call degeneration and survived much longer than untreated controls. Key Takeaways Misfolded proteins can morph into an amyloid form leading to amyloid diseases such as PD, Alzheimers, and Huntingons disease. Stanley Prusiner discovered prion, an infectious agent composed entirely of protein material, that can fold in multiple ways, leading to disease similar to viral infection.

All the Kings Men :: essays research papers

The entire King’s Men   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All the King’s Men, written by Robert Penn Warren, is set deep in the south during the 1930’s. This is a story of the rise and fall of a political titan. Willie Stark comes from poverty to become the governor of his state. He forces his enemies into submission by blackmails, repeated threats, and bullies them. He creates a series of liberal reforms that lay heavy tax burdens on the rich and lifts the money issue off of the poor farmers. His foil character Sam MacMurfee persistently searches for way to ruin the career of Willie Starks. Sam MacMurfee has thugs and powerful political allies deep in his pockets. The two characters remind the reader of corrupt figures in politics such as the famous Boss Tweed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Willie Stark’s right-hand man is Jack Burden. He left his eloquent and polite family to work with Willie. Jack is an extremely intelligent historical researcher that uses his abilities to dig up dirt on Willie’s enemies. Willie uses the secrets to blackmail his enemies into his submission. Often corrupt political figures indirectly pay off other individuals to do the â€Å"dirty work† and blackmail their enemies. Although Willie Starks may have been acting corruptly for a good purpose it was still illegal and wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Willie asks Jack to search for secrets on a father figure from his child hood. Judge Irwin was a father figure in Jack’s life as a child. In this situation, Jack’s motivation and responsibility to himself is questioned. Jack discovers that Judge Irwin accepted a bribe and Governor Stanton covers the bribe up. The blackmail influences the suicide of Judge Irwin, makes Adam Stanton accept the position as head of the hospital that Willie is building, and Anne Stanton begins an affair with Willlie. Adam murders Willie when he finds out about Willie and Anne. This horrific event lead to Jack’s retiring from politics forever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The death of Willie Starks and the circumstances force Jack to rethink the way he thinks. He rethinks a belief that no one can ever be responsible for the evil actions of another individual over time. In a way Jack feels responsible for Willie’s death. Jack eventually marries Anne Stanton and he feels orthodox about his decision to marry her. Jack restarts his long lost hobby of working on a book about Cass Mastern.

Eutrophication Essay -- Geology

What is eutrophication? Eutrophication is, in the simplest terms, too much of a good thing. It occurs when too many nutrients are deposited into a body of water, throwing off the established balance of production and consumption of organic matter. Eutrophication can take place in ponds, lakes, rivers, and oceans. At first, the overload of nutrients in the body of water encourages plant growth. However, soon this excess of organic material uses up most of the available oxygen in the water, taking it away from the other plants and animals. These other organisms can no longer survive with such depleted oxygen levels and die off, creating what is referred to sometimes as a "dead zone", devoid of life. Below is a table of the different trophic states, or levels of organic matter in relation to available oxygen, that a body of water traverses on its way to becoming a "dead zone". TROPHIC STATES Oligotrophic Clear waters with little organic matter or sediment and minimum biological activity. Mesotrophic Waters with more nutrients, and therefore, more biological productivity. Eutrophic Waters extremely rich in nutrients, with high biological productivity. Some species may be choked out. Hypereutrophic Murky, highly productive waters, closest to the wetland status. Many clearwater species cannot survive. Dystrophic Low in nutrients, highly colored with dissolved humic organic material. (Not necessarily a part of the natural trophic progression.) back to top What causes eutrophication? Eutrophication of bodies of water is a naturally occurring phenomenon. However, the process has been aggravated by the human population. Such man-made eutrophication is caused by excessive discharge of nutrien... ...less * and being a responsible boater by pumping out wastes. back to top Resources 1. Environmental Agency, http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/ s-enviro/viewpoints/4health/3eutroph/4-3.html 2. Eutrophication, http://www.btnep.org/pages/eutrophication1.html 3. Fish Kills do to Harmful Algal Blooms, http://www.redtide.whoi.edu/ hab/foodweb/fishkills.html 4. Harmful Algal Bloom Photo Gallery, http://habserv1.whoi.edu/hab/ rtphotos/rtphotos.html 5. Impact of Phosphorus on Aquatic Life: Eutrophication, http://www. agnr.umd.edu/users/agron/nutrient/Factshee/Phosphorus/Eutrop.html 6. Marine Research on Eutrophication, http://www.mare.su.se/english/ index.html 7. Midatlantic Integrated Assessment, http://www.epa.gov/emfjulte/ tpmcmaia/html/eutroph.html 8. United Nations Environment Programme, http://www.grida.no Eutrophication Essay -- Geology What is eutrophication? Eutrophication is, in the simplest terms, too much of a good thing. It occurs when too many nutrients are deposited into a body of water, throwing off the established balance of production and consumption of organic matter. Eutrophication can take place in ponds, lakes, rivers, and oceans. At first, the overload of nutrients in the body of water encourages plant growth. However, soon this excess of organic material uses up most of the available oxygen in the water, taking it away from the other plants and animals. These other organisms can no longer survive with such depleted oxygen levels and die off, creating what is referred to sometimes as a "dead zone", devoid of life. Below is a table of the different trophic states, or levels of organic matter in relation to available oxygen, that a body of water traverses on its way to becoming a "dead zone". TROPHIC STATES Oligotrophic Clear waters with little organic matter or sediment and minimum biological activity. Mesotrophic Waters with more nutrients, and therefore, more biological productivity. Eutrophic Waters extremely rich in nutrients, with high biological productivity. Some species may be choked out. Hypereutrophic Murky, highly productive waters, closest to the wetland status. Many clearwater species cannot survive. Dystrophic Low in nutrients, highly colored with dissolved humic organic material. (Not necessarily a part of the natural trophic progression.) back to top What causes eutrophication? Eutrophication of bodies of water is a naturally occurring phenomenon. However, the process has been aggravated by the human population. Such man-made eutrophication is caused by excessive discharge of nutrien... ...less * and being a responsible boater by pumping out wastes. back to top Resources 1. Environmental Agency, http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/ s-enviro/viewpoints/4health/3eutroph/4-3.html 2. Eutrophication, http://www.btnep.org/pages/eutrophication1.html 3. Fish Kills do to Harmful Algal Blooms, http://www.redtide.whoi.edu/ hab/foodweb/fishkills.html 4. Harmful Algal Bloom Photo Gallery, http://habserv1.whoi.edu/hab/ rtphotos/rtphotos.html 5. Impact of Phosphorus on Aquatic Life: Eutrophication, http://www. agnr.umd.edu/users/agron/nutrient/Factshee/Phosphorus/Eutrop.html 6. Marine Research on Eutrophication, http://www.mare.su.se/english/ index.html 7. Midatlantic Integrated Assessment, http://www.epa.gov/emfjulte/ tpmcmaia/html/eutroph.html 8. United Nations Environment Programme, http://www.grida.no

Love Your Enemies :: English Literature Essays

Love Your Enemies Jesus said, â€Å"You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth.’ But now I tell you: do not take revenge on someone who wrongs you. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, let them slap your left cheek too†¦ love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you.† Is it possible to follow this teaching of Jesus today? The answer is yes, conveying this teaching is possible. There are still some people who do live in this way. One person who lived this way was Mohandas Gandhi. Gandhi was a man of peace from India. By no means did Gandhi resort to violence. Gandhi showed that the powerless had power. He never fought back instead he would sit and pray. Gandhi always wanted equality and peace among everyone. If someone were harm in any way, he would have never turned and hurt them. Instead he would have prayed or just ambled away. Although with his courageous words and actions he was a very powerful person he still could not control the decisions and actions of others. Gandhi once said,†I have no strength, save what God gives me. I have no authority over my country men, save the purely moral." Like many of our brave and peaceful leaders Gandhi was also assassinated. He died on January 30, 1948. Everyone should be more like Gandhi. Everyone should be kind and peaceful and then the world may be an easier place to live in. It’s not an easy way to live because you often act or even speak before you act. Several people often do things without thinking. It’s human nature. For example if person ‘A’ were to clout person ‘B’, person ‘B’ would automatically strike back. This is unquestionably not what Jesus would do. There is only very few people who would actually just turn the other cheek or walk away. Instead everyone else would probably do the same or even worse than what the other person did. Another way we can follow this philosophy is by, as Jesus said, â€Å"Do unto others as you would have done unto you.† Think about this, no one would want someone to harm them, emotionally or physically, and the other person probably feels the same way. Verbal abuse, talking about others, judging others also part of this. This damages others, and it’s hard not to do this because everybody does it but just because everybody does doesn’t make it right.

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Seventeen

â€Å"That was amazing! Seriously,† Bonnie said happily, skipping along with her hand in Zander's. â€Å"I am, like, the Queen of Quarters. Who knew I had this hidden talent?† Laughing, Zander threw his arm around her shoulders and pul ed her closer. â€Å"You are pretty awesome,† he agreed. â€Å"Drinking games, visions, astrology. Any other skil s I should know about?† Snuggling against him, Bonnie frowned in mock concentration. â€Å"Not that I can think of. Just be aware of my general wonderfulness.† His T-shirt was soft and worn, and Bonnie tilted her head a bit to rest her cheek against it. â€Å"I'm glad we got our friends together,† she said. â€Å"I thought Marcus and Meredith real y hit it off, didn't you? Not romantical y, at al , which is good since Meredith has a super-serious boyfriend, but it was like they shared the same secret jock language. Maybe we can al hang out in a group again sometime.† â€Å"Yeah, Meredith and Marcus real y bonded over their workouts,† Zander agreed, but there was a hesitation in his voice that made Bonnie stop walking and peer up at him sharply. â€Å"Didn't you like my friends?† she asked, hurt. She and Meredith and Elena had always had what they privately cal ed a â€Å"velociraptor sisterhood.† Cross one of them and the other two would close in to protect her. Zander had to like them. â€Å"No, I liked them a lot,† Zander assured her. He hesitated, then added, â€Å"Elena seemed kind of †¦ uncomfortable, though. Maybe we're not the kind of people she likes?† Bonnie stiffened. â€Å"Are you cal ing my best friend a snob?† she asked. Zander stroked her back appeasingly. â€Å"Sort of, I guess. I mean, nice, but just kind of a snob. The nicest kind of snob. I just want her to like me.† â€Å"She's not a snob,† Bonnie said indignantly. â€Å"And even if she was, she's got a lot to be a snob about. She's beautiful and smart and one of the best friends I've ever had. I'd do anything for her. And she'd do anything for me, too. So it doesn't matter if she's a snob,† she concluded, glaring at him. â€Å"Come here,† Zander said. They were near the music building, and he pul ed her into the lit alcove by the front door. â€Å"Sit with me?† he asked, settling on the brick steps and tugging her hand. Bonnie sat down, but she was determined not to snuggle up to him again. Instead, she kept a distance between them and stared stubbornly out at the night, her jaw firmly set. â€Å"Listen, Bonnie,† Zander said, pushing a long strawberry blonde curl out of her eyes. â€Å"I'l get to know Elena better, and I'm sure I'l like her. I'l get her to like me, too. You know why I'm going to get to know her better?† â€Å"No, why?† said Bonnie, reluctantly looking at him. â€Å"Because I want to know you better. I'm planning on spending a lot of time with you, Bonnie McCul ough.† He nudged her gently with his shoulder, and Bonnie melted. Zander's eyes were so blue, blue like morning on the very first day of summer vacation. There was intel igence and laughter with just a touch of a wild longing in them. He leaned in closer, and Bonnie was sure he was about to kiss her, their first kiss at last. She tilted her head back to meet his lips, her eyelashes fluttering closed. After a moment of waiting for a kiss that didn't come, she sat up again and opened her eyes. Zander was staring past her, out into the darkness of the campus, frowning. Bonnie cleared her throat. â€Å"Oh,† he said, â€Å"sorry, Bonnie, I got distracted for a minute.† â€Å"Distracted?† Bonnie echoed indignantly. â€Å"What do you mean you – â€Å" â€Å"Hang on a sec.† Zander put a finger to her lips, shushing her. â€Å"Do you hear something?† Bonnie asked, uneasy tingles creeping up her back. Zander got to his feet. â€Å"Sorry, I just remembered something I have to do. I'l catch up with you later, okay?† With a halfhearted wave, not even looking at Bonnie, he loped off into the darkness. Bonnie's mouth dropped open. â€Å"Wait!† she said, scrambling to her feet. â€Å"Are you just going to leave me here† – Zander was gone – â€Å"alone?† she finished in a tiny voice. Great. Bonnie walked out to the middle of the path, looked around, and waited a minute to see if there was any sign of Zander coming back. But there was no one in sight. She couldn't even hear his footsteps anymore. There were pools of light beneath the street lamps on the path, but they didn't reach very far. A breeze rustled the leaves of the trees on the quad, and Bonnie shivered. No sense in standing here, Bonnie thought, and she started walking. For the first few steps down the path toward her dorm, Bonnie was real y angry, hot and humiliated. How could Zander have been such a flake? How could he leave her al alone in the middle of the night, especial y after al the attacks and disappearances on campus? She kicked viciously at a pebble in her path. A few steps further on, Bonnie stopped being so angry. She was too scared; the fear was pushing the anger out of her. She should have headed back to the dorm when Meredith and Elena did, but she'd assured them, gaily, that Zander would walk her back. How could he have just left her? She wrapped her arms around herself tightly and went as fast as she could without actual y running, her stupid high-heeled going-out-dancing shoes pinching and making the bal s of her feet ache. It was real y late; most of the other people who lived on campus must be tucked into their beds by now. The silence was unsettling. When the footsteps began behind her, it was even worse. She wasn't sure she was real y hearing them at first. Gradual y, she became aware of a faint, quick padding in the distance, someone moving lightly and fast. She paused and listened, and the footsteps grew louder and faster stil . Someone was running toward her. Bonnie sped up, stumbling over her feet in her haste. Her shoes skidded on a loose stone in the path and she fel , catching herself on her hands and one knee. The impact stung sharply enough to bring tears to her eyes, but she kicked off her shoes, not caring that she was leaving them behind. She scrambled up and ran faster. The footsteps of her pursuer were louder now, starting to catch up. Their rhythm was strange: loud periodic footfal s with quicker, lighter beats in between. Bonnie realized with horror that there was more than one person chasing her. Her foot skidded again, and she barely caught her balance, staggering sideways a few steps to keep from fal ing, losing more ground. A heavy hand fel on Bonnie's shoulder, and she screamed and whipped around, her fists raised in a desperate bid to defend herself. â€Å"Bonnie!† Meredith gasped, clutching Bonnie's shoulders. â€Å"What are you doing out here by yourself?† Samantha came up beside them, carrying Bonnie's shoes, and doubled over, panting for breath. â€Å"You are way too fast for me, Meredith,† she said. Bonnie swal owed a sob of relief. Now that she was safe, she felt like sitting down and having hysterics. â€Å"You scared me,† she said. Meredith looked furious. â€Å"Remember how we promised to stick together?† Meredith's gray eyes were stormy. â€Å"You were supposed to stay with Zander until you got home safely.† Bonnie, about to respond heatedly that it hadn't been her choice to be out here alone, suddenly closed her mouth and nodded. If Meredith knew that Zander had left Bonnie out here by herself, she would never, never forgive him. And Bonnie was mad at Zander for leaving her, but she wasn't quite that mad, not mad enough to turn Meredith against him. Maybe he had an explanation. And she stil wanted that kiss. â€Å"I'm sorry,† Bonnie said abjectly, staring down at her feet. â€Å"You're right, I should have known better.† Mol ified, Meredith swung an arm over Bonnie's shoulders. Samantha silently handed Bonnie her shoes, and Bonnie pul ed them back on. â€Å"Let's walk Samantha back to her dorm, and then we'l go home together,† she said forgivingly. â€Å"You'l be okay with us.† Around the corner from her room, Elena sagged and leaned against the hal way wal for a moment. It had been a long, long night. There had been drinks, and dancing with the huge shaggy-haired Spencer who, as Samantha had warned her, did try to pick Elena up and swing her around. Things got loud and aggravating, and the whole time, her heart hurt. She wasn't sure she wanted to navigate the world without Stefan. It's just for now, she told herself, straightening up and plodding around the corner. â€Å"Hel o, princess,† said Damon. Elena stiffened in shock. Lounging on the floor in front of her door, Damon somehow managed to look sleek and perfectly poised in what would have been an awkward position for anyone else. As she recovered from the shock of his being there at al , Elena was surprised by the burst of joy that rose up in her chest at the sight of him. Trying to ignore that happy little hop inside her, she said flatly, â€Å"I told you I didn't want to see you for a while, Damon.† Damon shrugged and rose graceful y to his feet. â€Å"Darling, I'm not here to plead for your hand.† His eyes lingered on her mouth for a moment, but then he went on in a dry and detached tone. â€Å"I'm just checking in on you and the little redbird, making sure you haven't disappeared with whatever's gone sour on this campus.† â€Å"We're fine,† Elena said shortly. â€Å"Here I am, and Bonnie's new boyfriend is walking her home.† â€Å"New boyfriend?† Damon asked, raising one eyebrow. He'd always had – something – some connection with Bonnie, Elena knew, and she guessed his ego might not be thril ed to have her moving past the little crush she'd focused on him. â€Å"And how did you get home?† Damon asked acidly. â€Å"I notice you haven't picked up a new boyfriend to protect you. Not yet, anyway.† Elena flushed and bit her lip but refused to rise to the bait. â€Å"Meredith just left to patrol around campus. I notice you didn't ask about her. Don't you want to make sure she's safe?† Damon snorted. â€Å"I pity any ghoul that goes after that one,† he said, sounding more admiring than anything else. â€Å"Can I come in? Note that I'm being courteous again, waiting for you out here in this dingy hal way instead of comfortably on your bed.† â€Å"You can come in for a minute,† Elena said grudgingly, and opened her bag to rummage for her keys. Oh. She felt a sudden pang of heartache. At the top of her bag, rather crushed and wilted now, was the daisy she'd found outside her door at the beginning of the evening. She touched it gently, reluctant to push it aside in the hunt for her keys. â€Å"A daisy,† said Damon dryly. â€Å"Very sweet. You don't seem to be taking much care of it, though.† Purposely ignoring him, Elena grabbed her keys and snapped the bag shut. â€Å"So you think the disappearances and attacks are because of ghouls? Do you mean something supernatural?† she asked, unlocking the door. â€Å"What did you find out, Damon?† Shrugging, Damon fol owed her into the room. â€Å"Nothing,† he answered grimly. â€Å"But I certainly don't think the missing kids just freaked out and went home or to Daytona Beach or something. I think you need to be careful.† Elena sat down on her bed, drew her knees up, and rested her chin on them. â€Å"Have you used your Power to try to figure out what's going on?† she asked. â€Å"Meredith said she would ask you.† Damon sat down next to her and sighed. â€Å"Beloved, as little as I like to admit it, even my Power has limits,† he said. â€Å"If someone is much stronger than me, like Klaus was, he can hide himself. If someone is much weaker, he doesn't usual y make enough of an impression for me to find him unless I already know who he is. And for some ridiculous reason† – he scowled – â€Å"I can never sense werewolves at al .† â€Å"So you can't help?† Elena said, dismayed. â€Å"Oh, I didn't say that,† Damon said. He touched a loose strand of Elena's golden hair with one long finger. â€Å"Pretty,† he said absently. â€Å"I like your hair pul ed back like this.† She twitched away from him, and he dropped his hand. â€Å"I'm looking into it,† he went on, his eyes gleaming. â€Å"I haven't had a good hunt in far too long.† Elena wasn't sure that she ought to find this comforting, but she did, in a kind of scary way. â€Å"You'l be relentless, then?† she asked, a little chil going through her, and he nodded, his long black lashes half veiling his eyes. She was so sleepy and felt happier now that she'd seen Damon, although she knew she shouldn't have let him in. She missed him, too. â€Å"You had better go,† she said, yawning. â€Å"Let me know what you find out.† Damon stood, hesitating by the end of her bed. â€Å"I don't like leaving you alone here,† he said. â€Å"Not with everything that's been happening. Where are those friends of yours?† â€Å"They'l be here,† Elena said. Something generous in her made her add, â€Å"But if you're that worried, you can sleep here if you want.† She'd missed him, she had, and he was being a perfect gentleman. And she had to admit, she would feel safer with him there. â€Å"I can?† Damon quirked a wicked eyebrow. â€Å"On the floor,† Elena said firmly. â€Å"I'm sure Bonnie and Meredith wil be glad for your protection, too.† It was a lie. While Bonnie would be thril ed to see him, there was a decent chance Meredith would kick him on purpose as she crossed the room. She might even put on special pointy-toed boots to do it. Elena got up and pul ed down a spare blanket from her closet for him, then headed off to brush her teeth and change. When she came back, al ready for bed, he was lying on the floor, wrapped in the blanket. His eyes lingered for a minute on the curve of her neck leading down to her lacy white nightgown, but he didn't say anything. Elena climbed into bed and turned out the light. â€Å"Good night, Damon,† she said. There was a soft rush of air. Then suddenly he whispered softly in her ear, â€Å"Good night, princess.† Cool lips brushed her cheek and then were gone.

Modern Family Essay

In September 2009, America was introduced to upstart Family, the upstart award-winning bespeak. The plant centers around ternary families, all of which interact with from each one other. not only does groundbreaking Family deal with the traditionalistic family, solely also introduces a transgrammatical sexed couple, and a mixed marriage. Given that these families ar interrelated, newfangled Family can reasonably be described as new-fangled. The combination of traditional and new elements grows from the blended dialog, which the producer of this base tries to communicate. These elements lay only on the surface, and deeper looks within each family structure prove that the studys title is misleading. New family visions ar never fully embraced, but kinda altered to fit into a car park family belief. In contrast to its title, Modern Family promotes traditional gender roles and stereotypes of women, which result in the depicting of an inaccurate fancy of the fe phall ic and weakens the attitude of women in right aways U.S. society. counterbalance though Modern Family tries to communicate an new idea of family, the shows trust on virile structures has created plotlines modeling traditional thoughts within each family. With Mitchell Pritchett and Cameron Tucker, the producers of Modern Family succeeded in creating a gravid homosexual couple characterized by their liberalist denial of a traditional family structure. The exogamy of Jay Pritchett and Gloria Delgado also deviates from the norm, not only by highlighting Glorias Latin American origin, but also by their plain age difference. With this interracial relationship, Modern Family follows the arch of recent telly series much(prenominal) as Lost Greys Anatomy and Emergency Room to admit mixed partnership in their story-lines. The deduction of these examples is that the audience assumes that Modern Family promotes new families and dismisses the real gender construction however, it la cks resistance towards male family dominance, showing the false approach this show tries to communicate Stability is constructed around the procession of a male, and traditional formation of the rife thought of the The Standard North American Family (SNAF), as argued by Dorothy E. Smith.In her clause ab place SNAF as an Ideological Code, she states that the overstep division of work sphere and house servant sphere mingled with husband and married woman characterizes the excogitation of a family. The men bethe families principal earners, making the women dependent on their husbands income. As seen in Modern Family incomplete Claire Dunphy nor Gloria Pritchett is responsible for contributing to her familys income, which forces them to curse on their husbands earnings. The shows credit on the deeply fixed thought becomes even more evident by looking at Mitchell Pritchett and Cameron Tucker. Their progressive depiction seems to make a classical gender distribution un kindredly , but the installment Mothers daytime reveals that Mitchell takes the role as mother, while Cameron dramatic playctions as father. Modern Family focuses on female gender stereotypes to further promote a male-dominant family thought. The circumstances medias tendency to resolve well-disposed change and reproduce assumptions about womens appropriate roles creates inaccurate images of Gloria and Claire as modern women (Dow 19).The work Constructing Gender Stereotypes by cordial Roles in Prime-Time Television gives a definition of the construction of female individualism and converse by means ofout television. It states stereotypes offer overviews about spate on the basis of their group membership (Lauzen, Dozier, and Horan 201). While both women share the identity of motherhood, home aliveness, and family-orientation, their individual characteristics differ. Glorias Latin American origin deviates from her sportsmanlike, American colleague. Glorias character symbolizes vie ws many Americans have regarding Latin American women, such as creation passive, and dependent on men. ABCs official description of Gloria states that Jay married the frequently younger, much hotter, much more Colombian Gloria. Numerous episodes also make fun of her strong Latin American accent. The episode The One That Got Away features Jays natal day and instead of his wish to get a saxo shout out, Gloria gets him a sexy phone, a phone in the shape of a mouth. Additionally, exact is known about Glorias educational or professional background in Colombia.This results in the motives of her marriage to the much aged(a) Jay Pritchett are creation questioned. Gloria is accused of being a gold digger for wanting to marry a rich white American, most likely to obtain the American Dream for her and her son Manny. Contrary to Glorias racist stereotypical description, Claire Dunphy re familiarises the traditional stay-at-home-mother, who dedicates her life to the domestic land. Compare d to Glorias glamorous looks, Claire is get dressed more casually, indicating that her priorities lie within the family. end-to-end the series the audiences discovers that sheonce had a self-made profession, which she quit for her family. This shows that despite her strong, controlling character, she is not an independent woman. Claires description of spend as a business move around demonstrates that she takes her position as mother really seriously, even more than her previous occupation. Through the promotion of traditional family values and the stereotypical presentation of women in the U.S. show Modern Family, an inaccurate image of the reality and bear upon of women in U.S. society is created.Even though feminist scholar Andrea L. vex argues that it is not the role of television to immediately and accurately reflect social and political expression in ones society, she draws the financial aid to the representation of contradictory notions about maidenly gender identit y and female roles in mass media (Press, Women Watching Television Andrea Press has also studied the relationship between women and work on television, and has identified that the image of working women on U.S. sitcoms correlates with the rise of womens participation in the U.S. labor force, resulting from the changing shape of the American family through wage hike divorce rates and increasing toleration of alternative family forms (Press,Gender And Family 148).While soon 58.9 portion of married women with younger children, and 70.7 percent with children aged six to seventeen are employed, it is questionable why none of the women in Modern Family holds jobs (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Of course, the concept of women working is not the only arguable family-related issue that inconveniently left out of discussion in the television series. Even though the introduction of sensitive issues, such as sexuality and race, in present television shows (Press, Gender And Family 140 ) can be noticed, these narratives often minimize the real problems American women face today (Press, Women Watching Television27-28). This remark does not join forces the ideals of Modern Family, whereas issues like race, sexuality, and career decisions might be shown, but not openly be discussed.The long moral concept of the traditional family is promoted through the show and by constantly iterate gender roles the audience assumes these structures as original and authentic (Lauzen, Dozier, and Horan 201-202). A critical freshen up on Modern Family easy reveals demode values. Despite its success, this show is not as modern as it claims to be and couldeasily have been aired in the 1980s, a television era that was also characterized by a return to traditional family values. Nevertheless, Modern Family, airing in the 21st century, is continually stereotyping women in an old fashioned means as mothers and housewives. These lines do not meet real female ambitions or issue a sa tisfactory reading of todays American women. As reasonable J. Downotes the danger is not in enjoying television series but in mistake these images for something more than the selective, partial images that they are (Dow 214).